The inner borders in Kingdom of Poland after 1831

The inner borders of the country and issuing allowance for the passage from one region to another

After crushing of Polish uprising od 1831, the tsarist authorities in the Kingdom of Poland were ensuring some strict control of the inner movement of people.There were established “night and day guards, as well as introduced special round-ups carried on by peasants”, which were abolished not ealier than in early summer of 1833. In order to provide the strict supervision of persons traveling within the borders of the Kingdom, there were issued as early as in 1831 new regulations, kept in force throughout the whole territory of a state, under which each and every traveller had to be provided with so-called “an appropriate certificate”, issued by suitable, competent authorities, “under which sovereignty sauch a traveller originally dwelled”. This caution was justified by pressing need to maintain public safety during still visible turmoil of general public sentiments in Poland. Thus, travelling from one province to another was possible only after receiving approval from local Russian Military Governors. Thise type of proceedings of (pro)Russian administration was with no doubt aiming on ensuring full and complete control of Polish society, which might still - according to inviding authorities - be subject to diverse “revolutionary” moods. It was just only on 11^th of September 1833 when tsarist Governor of so-called constitutional Poland, general Ivan Paskievich issued a decision that "any limits and restrictions in issuing certificates for travel within the country for a period not longer than one month /…/ are now not unnecessary".

In order to achieve the objective of Russian-Polish formal unification, under the provisions of Administrative Council dated as of 4th May of 1833, it was ordered to repaint in Kingdom of Poland “all barriers, road poles, lanterns, duty collection stalls, etc., namely the whole of edifices used for official business purposes, and replace old colors with these used in Russian state”. That warrant concerning repainting of fitted with public colors state buildings had in all probability in its assumption not only to make it possible to realize by Polish society the inevitability of the ubiquity of the Russian government, but also to prepare local community for the possibility of eliminating the separate existance of aby form of Kingdom of Poland.

Additionally, on the basis of that decision of Administrative Council of 29^th of May / 10^th of June of 1834 , a provision was introduced to remove Israelities from within three miles of the borders of the Kingdom, which wasdone "to prevent customs embezzlement or frouds”. This order may be similarly regarded as a kind of limitation of movement and residence within the Kingdom, but this time regarding the (ethnic) group of Orthodox Jews only.